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Study27 June 2026

The Multiple-Employer Trap 2026

More than 350'000 people in Switzerland work more than one job — and the number is rising. For a cleaner with four households, that can mean a full income but zero occupational pension. A study on a blind spot in Switzerland's social system that hits women above all.

Data (CSV)
350’000+
Workers with multiple jobs
8.1%
Share of the workforce (doubled since 1991)
10.5% vs 5.8%
Women vs men holding multiple jobs
CHF 24’000 → 0
Full wage, no 2nd pillar (4 households)

Summary

Holding several jobs at once is no longer the exception in Switzerland. More than 350'000 workers — 8.1% of everyone in employment — hold two or more jobs. That share has more than doubled since 1991. The pattern is especially common in domestic work, where a single cleaner typically works for several households at the same time — many small engagements instead of one large one.

This is exactly where a trap arises that hardly anyone knows about. The obligation to pay into occupational pensions (the 2nd pillar, BVG) is assessed per employer, not on total income. Anyone who earns less than CHF 22'680a year from a single employer in 2026 slips through the net — no matter how high their combined income across all jobs is. A cleaner with four households paying CHF 6'000 each earns CHF 24'000 a year and still builds up zero retirement provision.

The crux for domestic work: it is not a wage that is too low that creates the pension gap here, but the splitting of the same wage across several employers. And because 97% of domestic helpers are women — and multiple jobholding in Switzerland skews female anyway — this structural gap hits one group twice over.


Multiple jobholding: the invisible norm

What sounds like a marginal phenomenon is a clear long-term trend. In 1991, 4.1% of workers held more than one job; by 2009 it was 7.4%, and in 2025 it stands at 8.1% — more than 350'000 people. The share has more than doubled in just over three decades. Behind the figure lie very different realities: some choose to combine two part-time jobs, but many piece together several small engagements out of economic necessity. Domestic work is the prime example — here the combination of several jobs in the same sector (one cleaner, several households) is the rule, not the exception.

Multiple jobholding has doubled: share of workers with 2+ jobs
035810199120092025

Share of the employed with more than one job, 1991–2025 (BFS Swiss Labour Force Survey SLFS). Today more than 350,000 people.


A largely female story

Multiple jobholding in Switzerland is not gender-neutral. 10.5% of working women hold several jobs, but only 5.8% of men — almost twice as many women as men. That gives Switzerland the largest gender gap in multiple jobholding of any EU or EFTA state. And precisely where this pattern is most concentrated, women already dominate: 97% of domestic helpers are women. Combining several small jobs in the same sector is their everyday working life — and so too is the pension gap that can result from it.

Women
10.5%
Men
5.8%

The BVG trap: full wage, no pension

Occupational pensions are the 2nd pillar of Switzerland's three-pillar system — alongside the AHV (1st pillar) and private provision (3rd pillar). Together with the AHV, they are meant to maintain a person's accustomed standard of living in old age. But they only kick in above an income threshold: anyone who earns less than CHF 22'680 a year from one employer in 2026 is not compulsorily insured. The crucial phrase is from one employer: the threshold is assessed per job, not on combined total income.

A worked example makes the mechanism tangible. A cleaner works for four households and earns CHF 6'000 a year from each — CHF 24'000 in total. Above the threshold, you might think. But because each individual job sits at CHF 6'000, far below the CHF 22'680, none of them is subject to the BVG. The result: a full income but zero occupational pension. The same income from one employer would be above the threshold — and would be insured.

Same income, two worlds: the BVG trap

BVG entry threshold CHF 22’680 (per employer)

Split across 4 households · 0 BVG — no 2nd pillar

Household 1
CHF 6’000
Household 2
CHF 6’000
Household 3
CHF 6’000
Household 4
CHF 6’000

With one employer · BVG-insured

One employer
CHF 24’000

BVG coverage is assessed PER employer, not on total income. A cleaner with four households at CHF 6,000 each earns CHF 24,000 — and still builds zero occupational pension, because each job is below the threshold. The same money at one employer would be insured. Source: canton-data.ts BVG_CONFIG 2026.

Four households, a full income, zero pension — not because the wage is too low, but because it is split up.


The reform that should have changed this

Politicians are aware of the problem. The BVG reform (BVG-21) proposed, among other things, lowering the entry threshold from CHF 22'680 to CHF 19'845 — explicitly to bring more low-wage, part-time and multiple-job workers into the 2nd pillar. On 22 September 2024, voters rejected the bill with 67.1% No (only around 32% Yes) — one of the clearest results of a federal referendum since 2010.

There is no verdict to pass here on the Yes or No — the bill covered far more than just this threshold, and voters have decided. What matters is a factual reading for the multiple-employer case: even the lower threshold of CHF 19'845 would not have fully solved the problem described here. Because each individual CHF 6'000 job would still fall below it. As long as the threshold applies per employer and not on total income, splitting work across many small jobs remains the real structural hurdle — regardless of exactly where the threshold is drawn.


What a payroll platform changes

The structural threshold cannot be shifted overnight at the legislative level. On a practical level, though, there is one lever: transparency over total income. Clino aggregates a domestic helper's wages across all employers and flags when the combined total reaches the BVG threshold — so that voluntary pension cover can at least be considered. What today stays invisible across four separate payslips becomes visible this way.

At the same time, a payroll platform tackles the problem at its root: it makes even the smallest job easy to register. That is exactly where many households fail today — everyone thinks «this is too little, it is not worth it», and the job stays informal. As a result the cleaner falls out not only of the 2nd pillar but often of the AHV and accident insurance too. A low-barrier registration links the two: it brings small jobs out of undeclared work and makes the pension gap addressable in the first place.


Surprising Findings

The same income, a different pension outcome

CHF 24'000 is not always CHF 24'000. From one employer it is BVG-insured; split across four households it produces zero occupational pension. It is not the size of the wage that decides the 2nd pillar, but solely its distribution — a counter-intuitive mechanism that systematically disadvantages domestic work in particular.

Even the rejected reform would not have fully solved the multiple-employer case

The lower threshold of CHF 19'845 proposed in the referendum of 22 September 2024 would have insured more people — but a single CHF 6'000 job would still fall below it. As long as the threshold applies per employer, splitting income remains the real hurdle, regardless of the exact threshold value.

Multiple jobholding hits women twice over

At 10.5% versus 5.8% for men, women are almost twice as likely to hold multiple jobs — the largest gender gap of any EU/EFTA state. And the sector where the pattern is most concentrated is 97% female. The BVG trap is therefore not gender-neutral; it hits women in domestic work above all.


Sources

  • BFS — Mehrfachbeschäftigung (SAKE) (1991–2025), Share of workers with multiple jobs, gender gap
  • Bundeskanzlei / BSV — BVG-Reform-Abstimmung (22.09.2024), Rejected with 67.1% No, proposed threshold CHF 19’845
  • Clino canton-data.ts (BVG_CONFIG) (2026), BVG entry threshold CHF 22’680 per employer, coordination deduction CHF 26’460
  • Quitt (2026), 97% of domestic helpers are women

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About Clino

Clino is a Swiss SaaS platform enabling households to legally employ domestic workers: payroll, contracts, social security, and accident insurance included. CHF 19.90/month. All 26 cantons. Founded 2026 in Zurich. clino.ch

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